A New Relativity (NR) theory extends current electromagnetic theories. It is in agreement with Einstein’s measured observations, rejects his ether-less predictions that have never been measured, and predicts further measured observations that Einstein ether-less theory cannot predict.

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SPECIAL RELATIVITY IS INCONSISTENT AND INCOMPLETE

1.   According to basic physics (wave theory), all waves require a propagation medium to propagate their disturbances and for their wave equation to be causal (predict wave motion).

2.   Electromagnetic (EM) waves (light) are no exception. Maxwell established the propagation medium (ether) for the transmission of light in 1865. Maxwell’s equations (ME’s) and the Lorentz transform (LT) are medium based.

3.   Therefore, ME’s and the LT predict EM waves based on a propagation medium. Whereas, Einstein’s ether-less claim that EM waves do not require a propagation medium to propagate, is false.

4.   Therefore, Einstein’s predictions, based on no propagation medium, such as time travel and no absolute time and space are in error. Einstein’s measured predictions are medium based, not ether-less as he claimed.

5.   Believing in no medium, Einstein’s equations are incomplete; they only have one set of time and space scales to predict motional effects, they cannot distinguish, for example, between satellite (source) motion and telescope (observer) motion a medium is required to propagate the disturbances and act as a reference.

6.   A New Relativity (NR) theory extension having three sets of time and space scales derives and solves the motional wave equation, distinguishing between measured source and observer motion differences, which Einstein’s relativity cannot do without a propagation medium.

CAUSALITY REQUIREMENT (ETHER-LESS RELATIVITY IS NON-CAUSAL)

All waves require a propagation medium to be causal (predictable), water waves require water and sound waves require air. Einstein claimed that electromagnetic (EM) waves (light) were somehow special; they did not require a medium (ether). As a result, Einstein believed in only relative motion between systems rather than a reference medium. Einstein’s ether-less aspect of relativity is therefore in direct conflict with Maxwell’s medium, it is non causal. Einstein’s measured observations are shown to be medium based, they work based on a medium, not on an ether-less universe, as Einstein claimed, they are also incomplete.

Einstein’s relativity also has two inherent deficiencies that appear to prevent electromagnetism and gravity from becoming a unified theory. Firstly, Einstein did not recognize that the medium existed and that it is the essential reference that runs through these theories. Secondly, it is not realized that light and gravity are two forms of the same field; unsteady electric causing electromagnetic waves, and steady difference electric causing gravity, both using the same medium. Removing these deficiencies provides a basis for unification.

WHAT’S NEW (GENERAL WAVE EQUATION SOLVED FOR THE FIRST TIME)

As a consequence of the medium’s existence, a New Relativity (NR) theory extension is developed that requires three sets of time and space scales rather than the incomplete two sets used by Einstein. NR solves the general EM wave equation distinguishing between source and observer motion. This allows source and observer flight paths to be plotted on the same space-time diagram, giving different observations for the same exchanged flight paths, in violation of Einstein’s concept of relativity. However, NR extension predicts the same predictions as Einstein’s measured observations based on a medium. It also extends Einstein’s relativity in a rigorous and robust manner into a more consistent and comprehensive theory, updating our understanding of the universe.

NATURE OF GRAVITY (WHY GRAVITY ALWAYS ATTRACTS)

The only static attractive force known in nature, apart from nuclear, is the attractive and repulsive electrical force between unlike and like charges respectively. Surprisingly, a set of dissimilar charges is not neutral, the charges are always attractive. Van der Waals established that molecules attract each other in the near field through electric displacement dipoles (dissimilar charges). However, their attraction is not proportional to their atomic number, and their field decay with distance is greater than the inverse square law.

Gravity can be considered as a far field extension of the near field molecular attraction. Here natural dipoles are available, according to the atomic number, through the protons in the nucleus and the electrons in orbit around the nucleus. The more electrons and protons, the greater the attractive field, making their atomic weight basically proportional to their atomic number. If the cancellation mechanism is at the atomic level, the field will then decay into the far field according to the inverse square law.

Although a point distribution of atoms or molecules with equal numbers of positive and negative charges is neutral, a finite distribution (non point) produces a field that does not quite cancel, leaving a very weak attractive field. This difference electric field has similar properties to gravity, it is always attractive, it requires a propagation medium with a retarded propagation time and inverse square law decay with distance.

All electric fields appear to use the same electric medium to transmit their steady state values and disturbances. Steady electric fields are electrostatic, unsteady electric fields create EM waves, steady difference electric fields create gravity, and the residual gravity fields from all the gravitational mass in the universe appears to create the inertial field.

REVISED VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE (NEW RELATIVITY)

NR shows that all waves and fields, including EM and gravitational, require a medium to propagate their disturbances and make their wave equation causal (predictable). That all motional effects, including classical propagation time asymmetry and relativistic time and space contraction, are through motion relative to the medium, distinguishing between measured source and observer motional differences. NR re-unites classical and modern physics, both of which are medium based.

The New Relativity (NR) theory extension re-establishes a preferred frame of reference. It predicts the measured aspects of Einstein’s Special Relativity (SR) based on a medium, rejects the ether-less aspects of SR that cannot be measured, and predicts additionally measured observations that Einstein’s SR cannot predict. The medium provides the bridge between the Lorentz transform, accelerating frames and gravity, providing a basis for the unification theory between electromagnetism and gravity.